Obesity, Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure, and Left Ventricular Remodeling

Figures

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  Figure 1. Cardiac remodeling and functional capacity: HFpEF—Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, LV—Left ventricle, RV—Right ventricle, VAT—Visceral adipose tissue, EAT—Epicardial adipose tissue.

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  Figure 2. Circulation and HFpEF: HFpEF—Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, VAT—Visceral adipose tissue, PVAT—Perivascular adipose tissue.

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  Figure 3. Renal function and HFpEF: HFpEF—Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, RAAS—Renin angiotension aldosterone system, SNS—Sympathetic nervous system.

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  Figure 4. Left ventricular diastolic function, left ventricular mass, and renal function trajectories in relation to visceral adiposity in early, middle, and late adulthood. Accumulation of visceral adiposity in middle adulthood heightens an age-related increase in left ventricular mass and a decline in renal and diastolic function. The late-adulthood reduction in visceral adiposity may be spurious due to the attrition of subjects with great visceral adiposity [215,216].