The optics of life: a biologist's guide to light in nature

Acknowledgments ix Chapter One Introduction 1 Chapter Two Units and Geometry 8 Chapter Three Emission 31 Chapter Four Absorption 75 Chapter Five Scattering 116 Chapter Six Scattering with Interference 151 Chapter Seven Fluorescence 181 Chapter Eight Polarization 203 Chapter Nine Measuring Light 237 Chapter Ten What Is Light, Really? 271 Appendix A Converting Spectral Irradiance to Lux 287 Appendix B Calculating the Absorbance Spectrum of a Visual Pigment 290 Appendix C?Refractive Indices of Common Substances 292 Appendix D Optical Properties of Very Clear Water 293 Appendix E?Optical Properties of Natural Waters 295 Appendix F?Useful Formulas 297 Appendix G Equipment and Software Suppliers 302 Bibliography 307 Index 319