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The task of visual object recognition is performed efficiently and effortlessly by humans, including young children. Simpler animals, such as the pigeon, also exhibit a remarkable capacity to classify and recognize objects. In contrast, the task has proved to be exceedingly difficult in artificial systems. This is an intriguing contrast: It suggests that a better understanding of the recognition problem, and, in particular, why the task is so natural for biological systems and so difficult to mimic in artificial systems, may give us insights regarding some fundamental principles of brain organization.
Shimon Ullman (Mon,) studied this question.