Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The characteristics of Jakarta's urban development have over time exacerbated social inequalities, pushing low-income communities into areas of high hydrogeological risk. Uncontrolled expansion, extensive cementification, and top-down land management have worsened these risks, while eviction policies have further marginalized informal communities. This study examines the city's historical evolution and patterns of exclusion, highlighting the resilience strategies adopted by these communities to cope with housing and environmental emergencies in the context of increasing social vulnerability.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Alessandro Bachechi (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: