Key result
Strength training at 75% of 3-Repetition Maximum significantly increased cardiac output to 16.7 l/min compared to 13.6 l/min at 50% intensity during the exercise period.
Why the study?
Cardiopulmonary responses are well understood in endurance training, but are rarely described in strength training.
Does strength training intensity (75% vs 62.5% vs 50% 3-RM) affect acute cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic responses during and after exercise in healthy men?
RCT (n=14)
Open-label
Randomized cross-over
No
Does strength training intensity (75% vs 62.5% vs 50% 3-RM) affect acute cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic responses during and after exercise in healthy men?
Higher intensity strength training induces greater acute increases in heart rate, cardiac output, and ventilation during exercise, with significant cardiopulmonary recovery effects and blood pressure peaks occurring predominantly in the post-exercise period.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Higher-intensity strength training increases acute cardiopulmonary demands in healthy men; extends RCT evidence on intensity-dependent hemodynamic responses.
Whereas cardiopulmonary responses are well understood in endurance training, they are rarely described in strength training. This cross-over study examined acute cardiopulmonary responses in strength training. Fourteen healthy male strength training-experienced participants (age 24.5 ± 2.9 years; BMI 24.1 ± 2.0 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned into three strength training sessions (three sets of ten repetitions) with different intensities (50%, 62,5%, and 75% of the 3-Repetition Maximum) of squats in a smith machine. Cardiopulmonary (impedance cardiography, ergo-spirometry) responses were continuously monitored. During exercise period, heart rate (HR 143 ± 16 vs. 132 ± 15 vs. 129 ± 18 bpm, respectively; p < 0.01; η 2 p 0.54) and cardiac output (CO: 16.7 ± 3.7 vs. 14.3 ± 2.5 vs. 13.6 ± 2.4 l/min, respectively; p < 0.01; η 2 p 0.56) were higher at 75% of 3-RM compared to those at the other intensities. We noted similar stroke volume (SV: p = 0.08; η 2 p 0.18) and end-diastolic volume (EDV: p = 0.49). Ventilation (V E ) was higher at 75% compared to 62.5% and 50% (44.0 ± 8.0 vs. 39.6 ± 10.4 vs. 37.6 ± 7.7 l/min, respectively; p < 0.01; η 2 p 0.56). Respiration rate (RR; p = .16; η 2 p 0.13), tidal volume (VT: p = 0.41; η 2 p 0.07) and oxygen uptake (VO 2 : p = 0.11; η 2 p 0.16) did not differ between intensities. High systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evident (62.5% 3-RM 197 ± 22.4/108.8 ± 13.4 mmHG). During the post-exercise period (60 s), SV, CO, V E , VO 2, and VCO 2 were higher (p < 0.01) than during the exercise period, and the pulmonary parameters differed markedly between intensities (V E p < 0.01; RR p < 0.01; VT p = 0.02; VO 2 p < 0.01; VCO 2 p < 0.01). Despite the differences in strength training intensity, the cardiopulmonary response reveals significant differences predominantly during the post-exercise period. Intensity-induced breath holding induces high blood pressure peaks and cardiopulmonary recovery effects after exercise.
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Lässing et al. (2023) conducted an RCT in Healthy strength training-experienced men (n=14). Strength training (squats) at 75% of 3-Repetition Maximum vs. Strength training at 50% and 62.5% of 3-Repetition Maximum was evaluated on Cardiac output during exercise period (η2p 0.56, p=<0.01). Strength training at 75% of 3-Repetition Maximum significantly increased cardiac output to 16.7 l/min compared to 13.6 l/min at 50% intensity during the exercise period.
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