The bus rapid transit system in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana: Looking back to look forward

AbstractThe first decade of the 21st century witnessed a proliferation of bus rapid transit systems in many cities worlwide. Successful transit systems, especially in poor cities, have been lauded and presented as models for other cities to emulate. However, little attention has been given to unsuccessful transit systems, even though reasons for their failures could be beneficial to poor cities planning to invest in mass public transport. The author examines the militating factors in the demise of Ghana's first bus rapid transit system and draws useful lessons for the present and future. Qualitative data from interviews, surveys, and in-depth key informant interviews are analysed and presented in thematic narratives. They are complemented with quantitative (travel time) data. The results show that recurring traffic congestion, passengers' inadequate comfort and personal security, resistance from existing public transport operators, lack of legal status for a bus rapid transit (BRT) system, and limited advertising led to the collapse of the pilot system in the Greater Accra Metroplitan Area (GAMA). The author concludes that the success of present and future BRT systems is and will be a function of multiple stakeholder consultation and participation, privatization of day-to-day operations, promotion of multimodalism, and planning with the commuter in mind.Keywords: bus rapid transit systemGAMAGhanapublic transportthematic narrative analysis AcknowledgementsI thank Associate Professor Sigal Kaplan, of the Department of Transport, Technical University of Denmark, for her initial comments on this article. Thanks are also due to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms.Editors: Ragnhild Lund, Catriona Turner, Michael JonesNotes1 With the exception of the quotes from MMTL officials, the transport planning expert, and the public transport official, I was responsible for translating all of the quotes from interviewees.