Key result
Psychological interventions significantly reduced alcoholic beverage consumption (Hedge's g -7.33, p<0.001) but had no significant effect on fruit and vegetable intake in patients with CVD.
Why the study?
It was unknown whether psychological or mix-treatment interventions provide better dietary outcomes than traditional care in patients with cardiovascular disease, and which intervention types are most beneficial.
Do psychological and mix-treatment interventions improve dietary outcomes compared to traditional care in patients with cardiovascular disease?
Meta-Analysis (n=5,644)
Do psychological and mix-treatment interventions improve dietary outcomes compared to traditional care in patients with cardiovascular disease?
Psychological interventions may be effective in modifying dietary habits, specifically reducing alcohol consumption, in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports targeted psychological interventions to reduce alcohol intake in CVD patients; extends behavioral evidence beyond null fruit/vegetable effects.
BACKGROUND: Diet is a critical component of healthy lifestyle, especially in cardiac rehabilitation. Psychological interventions, as well as mix-treatment interventions, such as psychological components, appear promising approaches in the adoption and maintenance of a healthy diet in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the variety of clinical intervention programmes available, we aimed to determine whether psychological interventions and interventions that incorporate psychological components provide better lifestyle outcomes than traditional care, specifically targeting dietary outcomes, and what types of psychological or mix-treatment interventions are more likely to benefit patients with CVD. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to identify interventional studies, published from 2012 to 2022, written in English, evaluating psychological and mix-treatment intervention programmes for dietary outcomes in patients with CVD. In total, 33 intervention studies (n = 5644 patients) were retrieved and analysed using fixed and random effects models. RESULTS: No significant effect of the psychological intervention was observed regarding fruit and vegetable intake (Hedge's g = +1.06, p = 0.766), whereas a significant reduction was observed in alcoholic beverage consumption in the intervention group, as compared to the control group (Hedge's g = -7.33, p < 0.001). However, based on both our qualitative and quantitative analyses, psychological and mix-treatment interventions were more effective than traditional models in dietary modification. Also, the majority of effective interventions were psychological over mixed-treatment interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Findings add to the growing evidence suggesting that specific psychological interventions may be effective approaches in dietary modification for patients with CVD, potentially forming part of public health agenda.
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Vassou et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis in Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (n=5,644). Psychological and mix-treatment interventions vs. Traditional care / control group was evaluated on Dietary outcomes (fruit and vegetable intake, alcoholic beverage consumption) (Hedge's g -7.33 (alcohol) / +1.06 (fruit/veg), p=<0.001 (alcohol) / 0.766 (fruit/veg)). Psychological interventions significantly reduced alcoholic beverage consumption (Hedge's g -7.33, p<0.001) but had no significant effect on fruit and vegetable intake in patients with CVD.
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