A 'load conditioner' is defined as a small-scale battery energy storage system, which stores night time electricity and provides power for daytime demand. A 5 kW advanced load conditioner has been developed, which is applicable to a single-phase three-wire power line and is connectible with photovoltaic cells. The load conditioner can transfer the excess photovoltaic power either to the power line or to the storage battery. It can not only guarantee a high-quality interconnection with a power line by means of an active filter but can also be a high reliability uninterruptible power supply to specific loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Ishihara et al. (2002) studied this question.