Equivalence of computerized and paper-and-pencil cognitive ability tests: A meta-analysis.

The effects of the medium of test administration-paper and pencil versus computerized-were examined for timed power and speeded tests of cognitive abilities for populations of young adults and adults. Meta-analytic techniques were used to estimate the cross-mode correlation after correcting for measurement error. A total of 159 correlations was meta-analyzed: 123 from timed power tests and 36 from speeded tests. The corrected cross-mode correlation was found to be.91 when all correlations were analyzed simultaneously. Speededness was found to moderate the effects of administration mode in that the cross-mode correlation was estimated to be.97 for timed power tests but only.72 for speeded tests. No difference in equivalence was observed between adaptively and conventionally administered computerized tests