We have investigated the one-dimensional spin-1 boson Hubbard model with antiferromagnetic interactions using quantum Monte Carlo methods. We obtain the shapes of the two lowest Mott lobes and show that the ground state within the lowest Mott lobe is dimerized. The results presented here are relevant for optically trapped antiferromagnetic spin-1 bosons. An experimental signature of the dimerized ground state is modulated Bragg peaks in the noise distribution of the atomic cloud obtained after switching off the trap. These Bragg peaks are located at wave vectors corresponding to half-integer multiples of the reciprocal wave vector of the optical lattice.
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Apaja et al. (2006) studied this question.
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