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Directly ex vivo, peptide-specific CD8+ T cells are present at relatively low frequency and are typically in a resting state. This protocol details the expansion of memory peptide-specific CD8+ T cells by in vitro stimulation, which can be subsequently characterized using a range of assays including tetramer staining and intracellular cytokine staining. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lineburg et al. (2021).
Grant et al. (Sun,) studied this question.