Key result
Arbitrary start of one-legged cycling exercise augmented minute ventilation and increased bilateral prefrontal oxygenation before and at exercise onset compared to cued start.
In-advance activation of central command before arbitrary exercise onset enhances minute ventilation and increases prefrontal oxygenation.
Central command may augment ventilation at uncued exercise onset; leaves open relevance to clinical testing or training protocols.
When performing exercise arbitrarily, activation of central command should start before the onset of exercise, but when exercise is forced to start with cue, activation of central command should be delayed. We examined whether the in-advance activation of central command influenced the ventilatory response and reflected in the prefrontal oxygenation, by comparing the responses during exercise with arbitrary and cued start. The breath-by-breath respiratory variables and the prefrontal oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) were measured during one-legged cycling. Minute ventilation (V̇e) at the onset of arbitrary one-legged cycling was augmented to a greater extent than cued cycling, while end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (ETco 2 ) decreased irrespective of arbitrary or cued start. Symmetric increase in the bilateral prefrontal Oxy-Hb occurred before and at the onset of arbitrary one-legged cycling, whereas such an increase was absent with cued start. The time course and magnitude of the increased prefrontal oxygenation were not influenced by the extent of subjective rating of perceived exertion and were the same as those of the prefrontal oxygenation during two-legged cycling previously reported. Mental imagery or passive performance of the one-legged cycling increased V̇e and decreased ETco 2 . Neither intervention, however, augmented the prefrontal Oxy-Hb. The changes in ETco 2 could not explain the prefrontal oxygenation response during voluntary or passive one-legged cycling. Taken together, it is likely that the in-advance activation of central command influenced the ventilatory response by enhancing minute ventilation at the onset of one-legged cycling exercise and reflected in the preexercise increase in the prefrontal oxygenation.
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Asahara et al. (2016) studied this question. Arbitrary start of one-legged cycling exercise vs. Cued start of one-legged cycling exercise was evaluated on Ventilatory response (minute ventilation and ETco2) and prefrontal oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb). Arbitrary start of one-legged cycling exercise augmented minute ventilation and increased bilateral prefrontal oxygenation before and at exercise onset compared to cued start.
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