Effect of Self-care Program Guided by PRECEDE–PROCEED Model on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes among Gestational Diabetic Women

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a type of diabetes characterized byimpaired glucose tolerance, first discovered during pregnancy and can precipitateseveral adverse effects for mother and fetus. Aim: To evaluate the effect of self-careprogram guided by PRECEDE–PROCEED model on maternal and fetal outcomesamong gestational diabetic women. Design: A quasi-experimental research designwas followed. Setting: The study was carried out at Obstetrics and GynecologyOutpatient Clinic of Benha University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sampleincluded 70 gestational diabetic women divided into 2 groups, and allocation ratiowas 1:1 (35 for each group). Tools of data collection: Four tools were used, astructured interviewing questionnaire (General characteristics and previous andcurrent obstetrics history), health-related behaviors questionnaire, PRECEDE–PROCEED model questionnaire (knowledge, attitude, enabling and reinforcingfactors) and maternal and fetal outcomes questionnaire. Results: A statisticalsignificant improvement in scores of total knowledge, attitude, health-relatedbehaviors, enabling and reinforcing factors regarding gestational diabetes for thestudy group compared to the control group was found after implementation ofprogram (p <0.001). Also, a statistical significant high proportion of maternal andfetal complications in the control group than in the study group was found.Conclusion: The implementation of self-care program guided by PRECEDE–PROCEED model had a positive impact on improving gestational diabetic women'sknowledge, attitude, health-related behaviors, enabling and reinforcing factorsregarding gestational diabetes and improved maternal and fetal outcomes.Recommendations: An educational intervention guided by PRECEDE–PROCEEDshould be conducted at postpartum period to help gestational diabetic women to adopthealthy lifestyles during breastfeeding