A bstract : The electrical impedance spectra of Jonathan apples exposed to different pressing force were measured in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz with an HP 4284A precision RLC meter. The apoplasmic resistance ( R a ), the symplasmic resistance ( R s ), and the R a / R s ratio were determined as a function of the force and the deformation. Below the bioyield deformation, there was no observable change in the value of R a / R s . Above the bioyield, the R a / R s ratio markedly decreased in consequence of the R a decrease due to both the increased ion concentration in the apoplasmic part and the decrease of cell membrane resistance as a result of cell membrane rupture.
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Vozáry et al. (1999) studied this question.
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