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An ecosystem can be either a biogeocenosis created by nature, or an artificial environment created by man. Strong conceptual analogies can be drawn between the artificial environment, for example, the innovation ecosystem, and the biological ecosystem, which is demonstrated in this article, which shows the development of theoretical views on the categories of «ecosystem» (natural, biological) and «innovation ecosystem».
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Fadeikina et al. (2021) studied this question.
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