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This paper presents the top-loaded circular patch planar log periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antenna for detecting intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) within the 0.5 GHz to 2.0 GHz operating band. The dipoles of the traditional log periodic antenna have been modified using circular patches and achieved a compact design with dimensions of 25.5× 27×0.16 cm3. The modified designfs dimensions are 31.65 % and 15 % lower compared to conventional planar LPDA antenna along lateral and horizontal directions, respectively. Even with a compact size, the presented antenna gives good impedance matching with reflection coefficient |S11| less than -10 dB, a gain of 5±1 dB, 70 % radiation efficiency, and a stable radiation pattern with low cross polarizations. Considering such high performance with a compact size, the proposed antenna is well-suited for system-level integration as a non-powered passive sensor to detect the IEMI signals. At the end of the paper, the experiments relating to IEMI detection and their results are discussed to explain how
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Mondal et al. (2025) studied this question.
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