Experimental modeling and analysis of lithium-ion battery temperature dependence

Battery performance is strongly dependent on the ambient temperature. For example, at moderate temperatures, the battery performance is optimal, whereas at extreme temperatures, the battery performance is not optimized and sometimes unexpected. In order to predict the battery behavior, a model that involves the battery's underlying dynamics is usually used. The majority of dynamic battery models are derived at only one single temperature (room temperature), which can easily lead to failure in predicting the battery performance when the temperature varies. Therefore, adding some temperature dependence to those models can make the battery management system more reliable, safer, and moreover, prolong the battery lifetime. In this paper, a 3.6V/1100mAh lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell is tested at temperature between -30°C and +50°C and its main parameters are measured. The measured parameters include the discharge capacity, the charge and discharge resistance, and the open-circuit voltage, which comprise the main parameters of equivalent electric-circuit based models. Experimental testing results and observations are presented in this paper.