Innovations in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Challenges and Upcoming Solutions in 2018 and Beyond

Figures

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  Figure 1:. Left ventricular pacing with the WiSE-CRT system (EBR Systems, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Illustration of device design and function. Used with permission from: Reddy VY, Miller MA, Neuzil P, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with wireless left ventricular endocardial pacing: the SELECT-LV study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(17):2119–2129.

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  Figure 2:. An illustration of a rotor wave. The spiral wavefront appears to spread from an inexcitable core, with a neighboring phase singularity (*). The black arrows denote conduction velocity at various sections of the spiral wavefront. Adapted from Nattel S, Xiong F, Aguilar M. Demystifying rotors and their place in clinical translation of atrial fibrillation mechanisms. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(9):509–520.

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  Figure 3:. Bipolar distal electrogram from an area with Purkinje fibers. The inset shows a Purkinje signal close to the local myocardial signal. The bipolar distal high-frequency channel demonstrates an electrogram corresponding with the Purkinje signal alone. The high-pass filter is increased to 200 Hz from the conventional level of 30 Hz and proprietary post-processing is performed to reduce noise. Padmanabhan D, Foxall T, Drakulic B, et al. Initial experience with the BioSig PURE EP™ signal recording system: an animal laboratory experience. J Innov Cardiac Rhythm Manage. 2017;8(4):2690–2699.