Secondary Educators’ Writing Practices for Students with Disabilities: Examining Distance Learning and In-Person Instruction

We report results of a national survey of secondary teachers who teach special education and/or English language arts in the United States. A total of 50 teachers from 27 different states completed the survey. In the survey, we asked teachers about their experience delivering distance and in-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically focused on three broad areas: writing assignments, writing instructional practices, and adaptations used to support students with disabilities. We also collected information about teacher characteristics, technology use, and teacher attitudes and self-efficacy about writing. On average, teachers reported receiving minimal preparation to teach writing via distance or in-person instruction. When compared to in-person instruction, teachers reported using fewer writing assignments, evidence-based writing practices, and adaptations for students with disabilities during distance learning. We provide implications for teacher professional development and detail limitations related to sample size and response rate