Fermentation of medicinal plant materials: Typical styles, precise controls, and new opportunities for phytomedicine development

Key Points

• This article examines the fermentation methods and controls related to medicinal plant materials (MPMs) to enhance active ingredient synthesis.
• Explored typical fermentation styles and microbial isolates for MPMs.
• Discussed precise controls using strain combinations, synthetic biology, and fermentation equipment.
• Highlighted the role of digital, AI, and multi-omic techniques in fermentation controls.
• Identified various known types and microbial isolates in MPMs fermentation.
• Demonstrated how synthetic biology can promote the microbial synthesis of active ingredients.
• Pointed out the potential of innovative technologies like 3D printing and AI in fermentation.