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Large-scale antenna arrays not only have been considered as the key technology in future communications systems, but also promise revolutionary impacts on wireless localization. In this paper, we determine the effects of multipath propagation on the localization performance using large-scale antenna arrays. Such effects can be mitigated by joint temporal and spatial separation of the multipath signals, which are determined, respectively, by the signal bandwidth and the array aperture. In particular, we prove the asymptotic spatial orthogonality of large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) localization with general non-orthogonal waveforms, showing that the multipath effects will vanish when the number of transmitter or receiver antennas goes large. Then, the Fisher information matrices for the position and orientation are derived to characterize the performance bounds of MIMO localization. Finally, a direct localization algorithm based on the coherent decoupled maximum likelihood criteria is developed for multipath environments. Numerical results validate our theoretical analysis and the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Wang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.