Correlation between Fixed Orthodontic Treatment and Dental Biofilm-Induced Gingivitis. A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The relationship between periodontics and orthodontics is still debated, with fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) creating challenges for oral hygiene and promoting the accumulation of bacterial plaque. FOA limits the ability to maintain good oral hygiene, potentially leading to temporary destructive periodontal processes. Objectives: Study the correlation between fixed orthodontic treatment and dental plaque-induced gingivitis by evaluating the periodontal status. Materials and Methods: The study investigated the relationship between FOA and periodontal status in 18 female participants. The following parameters were recorded for each patient: bleeding on probing, gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), recession and enlargement of the gingiva, and plaque index (PI). Results: The results showed that the GI was significantly higher in the group with FOA compared to the group without FOA, indicating increased risk of gingival bleeding and inflammation. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding approximate PI or PPD. The occurrence of gingival recession or enlargement was higher in the group with FOA, but not statistically significant. Conclusion: FOA may be associated with a higher risk of gingival inflammation, but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm the findings. However, the study findings underscore the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment to reduce the risk of periodontal complications.