Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease (Ild) at the Fibrotic Stage: Etiological Profile and Experience in the Radiology Department of the Huick Hospital in Casablanca: A Study of 60 Cases

Objectives: To describe the CT scan findings of diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD) at the fibrotic stage observed in our radiology department (HUICK). Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted over a 3-year period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. The diagnosis was made following a multidisciplinary decision-making process (MDD) based on clinical, biological, and radiological findings. Results: The mean age of the 40 men and 20 women was 74.7 years (range 51–99 years). The clinical signs were dominated by dyspnea (71.6%) and cough (53.3%). A chest CT scan was performed on all patients and showed honeycombing (97.5%), traction bronchiectasis (95.4%), and interlobular or intralobular septal thickening (91.6%). The clinical and radiological etiological investigation of fibrosing pneumonias revealed an idiopathic form, the most frequent etiology in our series, and a form with a known cause. Pulmonary superinfection was the most frequent complication (68.3%). Conclusion: In our study, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most frequent form of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). Secondary forms remain a diagnosis of exclusion, hence the importance of CT imaging combined with a multidisciplinary etiological investigation.