Numerical analysis and on-site test of SO2 reduction in large-scale MSW grate furnace by in-bed combustion optimization

• Proposed an in-bed regulation strategy to reduce SO 2 generation of MSW incineration. • Incorporated S-related reactions for a multi-stage fuel-bed with 3-D furnace model. • Peak temperature in bed was suppressed and 35% more S was retained in solid phase. • On-site long-term validation resulted in 42% reduction in limestone consumption.