Antagonistic Atrial Natriuretic Peptide with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Effects on Systemic Blood Pressure Regulation

The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) presents, from the point of view of systemic blood pressure regulation, a relevant antagonistic association when compared to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Through a careful review, the aim of the study was to evidence the process and the link between systems and hormones, from prohormone secretion, conversion, interaction with receptors, ANP action, correlating its antagonistic effects to RAAS, and the association between the mechanisms of action and SBP. The method adopted was a systematic review through electronic scientific articles in the database of the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Cochrane. The process of searching and selecting the articles followed the rule of systematic review – PRISMA. The study demonstrates that the effects of ANP release due to cardiac atrial expansion are effectively counterregulators to the effects of RAAS malfunction, acting in a way to preserve the back, cardiac and vascular issues from blood pressure control. This mechanism acts via hydroelectrolytic regulation, especially through processes of resorption and excretion of sodium and water by the removal tubules, where the RAAS acts to increase blood volume and ANP acting to potentiate diuretic mechanisms. It is concluded that the degrading effects of the malfunction of RAAS, to some extent, be counter-regulated by the effects of ANP release, acting in the control of systemic blood pressure, alone or concomitantly with pharmacological treatment.