Kriyakalpas: Unique Ocular Therapeutic Modalities in Ayurveda

Ayurveda, one of the world’s most ancient medical sciences, is founded on the principle of “Swasthasya swasthya rakshanam athurasya vikara prashamanam”—preserving the health of the healthy and curing ailments of the diseased. Shalakya Tantra, a specialized branch of Ayurveda, focuses on disorders occurring above the clavicle, known as Urdhwajatrugata Vikaras, including diseases of the eyes, ears, nose, and oral cavity. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe several therapeutic strategies for these conditions, among which Kriyakalpas occupy a unique position as specialized local ocular procedures. The major Kriyakalpas comprise Tarpana, Putapaka, Anjana, Bidalaka, Seka, and Aschyotana. Acharya Sushruta dedicated an exclusive chapter to these therapies, detailing their methodologies and applications. Procedures such as Seka, Bidalaka, and Aschyotana are indicated during the Aamavastha (acute or inflammatory stage), while Tarpana, Putapaka, and Anjana are preferred during the Niramavastha (chronic or post-inflammatory stage), possessing the potential to influence the posterior segment of the eye. Kriyakalpas serve as powerful, preventive, and curative topical treatments that not only strengthen ocular tissues and enhance visual function but also help to prevent complications and halt disease progression. Their effectiveness is attributed to trans-corneal absorption and their ability to cross the blood-ocular barrier, making them a cornerstone of Ayurvedic ocular care.