Availability Adversarial Attack and Countermeasures for Deep Learning-based Load Forecasting

The forecast of electrical loads is essential for the planning and operation of the power system. Recently, advances in deep learning have enabled more accurate forecasts. However, deep neural networks are prone to adversarial attacks. Although most of the literature focusses on integrity-based attacks, this paper proposes availability-based adversarial attacks, which can be more easily implemented by attackers. For each forecast instance, the availability attack target, i. e. , a subset of input features, is optimally solved by a mixed-integer reformulation of the artificial neural network. To tackle this attack, an adversarial training algorithm is proposed. In simulation, a realistic load forecasting dataset is considered and the attack performance is comparable to the integrity-based counterpart. Meanwhile, the adversarial training algorithm is shown to significantly improve robustness against availability attacks. All codes are available at https: //github. com/xuwkk/AAALoadForecast.