High-yield synthesis of pure oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) was conveniently achieved by heating a mixture of 1,2-dicyanobenzene, titanium(IV) butoxide, urea, and 1-octanol at 150 °C. It is suggested that a key pathway of the efficient condensation reaction is the complex formation of titanium(IV) butoxide with ammonia generated by the nucleophilic attack of 1-octanol to urea. Applicabilities of this method were investigated for condensation reactions of 1,2-dicyanobenzene with other metal alkoxides.
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Yao et al. (1995) studied this question.
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