Case studies in neuroscience: movement-related cortical stimulation to enhance corticospinal transmission in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury

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We demonstrate that five consecutive days of movement-related cortical stimulation can enhance corticospinal excitability, expand motor maps, and improve volitional motor unit recruitment in a person with severe incomplete spinal cord injury. These results support the brain's adaptive capacity following spinal cord injury, despite limited motor drive to the muscle, and corroborate the potential to improve motor function by targeting higher-order networks during volitional motor intention with noninvasive brain stimulation.