Trained innate immunity (TII) is induced following immunization with live attenuated microbes and represents a clinically important strategy to enhance innate defenses. TII was initially demonstrated following intravenous inoculation with low-virulence Candida albicans , with protection against a subsequent lethal C. albicans intravenous bloodstream infection (BSI) mediated by monocytes with enhanced cytokine responses.
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Lilly et al. (2021) studied this question.
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