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Owing to the advantages of higher efficiency, greater reliability, and better grid compatibility, the direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) have drawn the highest attention from both academia and industry in the last few years. Applying mechanical position/speed sensorless control to direct-drive PMSG-based WECSs will further reduce the cost and complexity, while enhancing the reliability and robustness of the WECSs. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art and highly applicable mechanical position/speed sensorless control schemes for PMSG-based variable-speed WECSs. These include wind speed sensorless control schemes, generator rotor position and speed sensorless vector control schemes, and direct torque and direct power control schemes for a variety of direct-drive PMSG-based WECSs.
Zhao et al. (Wed,) studied this question.