The article examines the relationship between third-party countermeasures and the Security Council’s powers to adopt measures under Chapter vii of the United Nations Charter in response to breaches of obligations erga omnes . It is shown that the resort to third-party countermeasures is neither precluded nor subject to limitations as a result of the relationship to the Security Council’s Chapter vii powers, even when both types of measures are adopted concurrently. Moreover, the fears that third-party countermeasures would interfere with or undermine the effective application of Security Council measures do not appear to have materialised in practice.
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Amanda Bills (2020) studied this question.