Countermeasures of General Interest

There is a debate about whether countermeasures do or do not include measures of retortion (which are intrinsically lawful responses to unlawfulness) and sanctions by international organizations.Without going into this debate, and remaining within the conceptual framework of the codification undertaken by the ILC, it may be pointed out that measures by international organizations are explicitly excluded, as are measures of retortion, which raise no problems in terms of responsibility for a wrongful act, since they presuppose that the state taking them is in compliance with its international commitments.3