The subak cultural landscape as environmental education: Knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of Balinese teachers, student teachers, and students

Bali's subak cultural landscape, with its ancient and extensive paddy-fields and irrigation system, is a valuable resource for place-based education. However, this landscape is threatened by various problems. Here we analyze the relationships among Balinese teachers, student teachers, and students, and review their knowledge, attitudes, and experiences toward subaks. This study finds that most of the Balinese teachers, student teachers, and students had limited knowledge and experiences regarding subaks, although their overall attitudes were positive. We conclude by discussing the study's implications for relocating environmental education into the local context.