Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a recently recognized public health problem. CKD is defined as the presence of markers of kidney damage or of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 60 mL min1 (1.73 m2)1 [1 mL s1 (1.73 m2)1] for 3 months or more (1–3). According to these definitions, the prevalence of CKD in noninstitutionalized US adults is estimated as 11%, or 20 million people (4). CKD is associated with poor outcomes and high cost, disproportionately affecting the elderly and racial and ethnic minorities. Thus, new public health campaigns focus on early detection of CKD, especially in patients at increased risk, including those with hypertension, diabe-tes, cardiovascular disease, or a family history of CKD (5). To facilitate early detection of CKD, many national and international organizations now recommend automatic
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Levey et al. (2006) studied this question.
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