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Background and purpose: ) with sodium hyaluronate (KORTUC) enables safe intratumoral administration. This study investigates how this reoxygenation modulates the tumor immune microenvironment. Materials and methods: macrophages were spatially quantified in histological sections using HALO software. Results: significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mφ2) phenotype (CD206, Arg1) and induced a functional shift towards pro-inflammatory (Mφ1) activity (iNOS), further validated by qPCR in hypoxic BMDMs. Spatial analysis confirmed sustained reoxygenation and a pronounced reduction in Mφ2 colocalization within remaining hypoxic niches. Conclusions: with IR to alleviate hypoxia-driven immunosuppression and improve clinical outcomes in solid tumors.
Geirnaert et al. (2026) studied this question.