Al-M (M=Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni) Thin-Film Negative Electrode Materials

Comprehensive investigations of thin-film Al-M negative electrode material libraries were performed using combinatorial and high-throughput techniques. Mössbauer effect spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize library structure. The electrochemical performance of over 200 compositions of was determined at both room and elevated temperature. All alloys are completely inactive above 15 atom % M. Thermodynamic calculations based on the macroscopic atom model of de Boer et al. predict compositions with at least 33–65 atom % M to be inactive. A phenomenological model to describe the observed capacity as a function of transition metal content and cycling temperature is presented.