Impact of remnant cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio on risk of incident ASCVD: the Kailuan prospective cohort study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Cohort participants’ inclusion and exclusion flowchart. Remnant cholesterol (RC), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This figure shows the inclusion and exclusion process for participants in the 2006 baseline cohort, resulting in 84,380 eligible individuals

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  Fig. 2. Cumulative Incidence for different RC/HDL-C Levels. Remnant cholesterol (RC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral infarction (CI). Higher RC/HDL-C levels were consistently associated with greater cumulative risk of ASCVD, MI, and CI over time

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  Fig. 3. Forest Plot for Stratification Analysis of RC/HDL-C Levels and ASCVD Risk. Remnant cholesterol (RC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), hazard ratio (HR), confidence interval (CI), body mass index (BMI). Multivariate adjusted Model: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, drinking, smoking, educational level, physical exercise, CVD family history, use of antidiabetic medication, and use of antihypertensive medication, ln(FBG), ln(TG), ln(hs-CRP), and ln(eGFR). Stratified by gender, all covariates except gender were included. Stratified by age, all covariates except age were included. Stratified by BMI, all covariates except BMI were included. P-interaction is the multiplicative interaction between stratified factors and the RC/HDL-C groups. This figure shows that higher RC/HDL-C levels are consistently associated with increased ASCVD risk across gender, age, and BMI subgroups

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  Fig. 4. Forest Plot for Sensitivity Analysis of RC/HDL-C Levels and ASCVD Risk. Remnant cholesterol (RC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), hazard ratio (HR), confidence interval (CI). Multivariate adjusted Model: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, drinking, smoking, educational level, physical exercise, CVD family history, use of antidiabetic medication, and use of antihypertensive medication, ln(FBG), ln(TG), ln(hs-CRP), and ln(eGFR). a Baseline missing covariate data were not imputed (n = 7564). b Population that was followed up less than 1 years was excluded (n = 561). c Population who took antihypertensive medication was excluded (n = 8990). d Population who took antidiabetic medication was excluded (n = 1920). The association remained consistent across four sensitivity analyses, indicating the robustness of the association between RC/HDL-C levels and ASCVD risk. Incidence densities and adjusted HRs were similar across subgroups