Experimental study of the thermodynamics of an interacting trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gas

We have investigated experimentally the finite-temperature properties of a Bose-Einstein condensed cloud of ⁸⁷Rb atoms in a harmonic trap. Focusing primarily on condensed fraction and expansion energy, we measure unambiguous deviations from ideal-gas thermodynamics and obtain good agreement with a Hartree-Fock description of the mixed cloud. Our results offer clear evidence of the mutual interaction between the condensed and thermal components. To probe the low-temperature region unaccessible to the usual time-of-flight technique, we use coherent Bragg scattering as a filtering technique for the condensate. This allows us to separate spatially the condensed and normal components in time of flight and to measure reliably temperatures as low as 0.2Tc⁰ and thermal fractions as low as 10%. Finally, we observe evidence for the limitations of the usual image analysis procedure, pointing out to the need for a more elaborate model of the expansion of the mixed cloud.