The twin transition and flexible work arrangements: A systematic literature review

The main idea behind the green and digital transition (twin transition) is to use technology to develop more efficient and productive systems, provide remote access to employment opportunities (Flexible Working Arrangements-FWAs), and broaden the structure of the labour market, while encouraging more sustainable production, workplaces, and society at large. Within this context, the paper systematically reviews literature on the interaction between FWAs and the twin transition (digital and green) using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, and paying special attention to their implications for the environment, society, and urban areas. This review fills a gap in the literature, showing how a growing but still limited number of scholars are approaching the topic. Most of the papers explore the impact of FWAs on energy use and the need for targeted policies to ensure a just transition that accounts for the social impact. Furthermore, the selected manuscripts place significant emphasis on the restructuring process of business models, on the complex and non-trivial relationship between digital tools and FWAs, and on the effects of work-life balance on employees. Many studies stem from the post-pandemic period, highlighting the Covid-19 pandemic as a catalyst for change. These findings underscore the emerging importance of FWAs in green and digital transition for a more resilient future.