Optical second-harmonic generation has been used to determine the average molecular orientation of liquid-crystal (LC) molecules adsorbed on various silane-covered substrates. With the use of different preparation methods for the silane layers, considerable changes in molecular orientation of the polar-ordered part of the first LC monolayer were observed. Concomitantly, the number of polar-ordered LC molecules changed.
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Barmentlo et al. (1991) studied this question.
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