The case for neutrinos from SN 1987A

A case is made for the observation of both neutrinos and antineutrinos in the burst observed from SN 1987A. The angular distribution and energetics support this hypothesis. The experiments have good agreement with each other and with the hypothesis of a 25% forward-scattering component of the form expected from {ν}e{→}{ν}e. The nature of the forward-scattering component can be inferred from known cross sections and experimental expectations. The flux and energy output in various neutrino types can be estimated. A total energy in the range of 5--8×{}10⁵³ ergs seems needed. This result has implications for models of supernova and for neutrino physics itself.