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• ITO/VO₂/MgO multilayers studied for adaptive radiative cooling. • MgO deposition temperature influence on emission and transition properties in mid-IR was investigated. • Maximum emissivity of 94% achieved at 200 °C MgO deposition. • Films showed improved switching with lower τ c and narrower hysteresis widths. • Multilayers demonstrate potential for sub-ambient water condensation applications. As the global demand for water resources intensifies, radiative cooling has emerged as a promising passive strategy for water harvesting. By utilizing the natural emission of infrared radiation to the cold sky, surfaces designed for radiative cooling can achieve sub-ambient temperatures, even below the dew point, facilitating atmospheric water condensation. This study investigates the potential of ITO/VO₂/MgO multilayer films for adaptive water harvesting, focusing on the impact of MgO deposition (200–350°C) temperature on the emission and transition properties of the films. The ITO/VO₂/MgO structure was designed to leverage the high transparency of ITO to minimize solar heat absorption, MgO serves as an effective thermal emitter due to its pronounced emissivity in the mid-infrared range while VO₂ provides temperature-responsive modulation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and optical measurements were conducted to assess the crystallinity, elemental composition, optical and transition performance of the films. Results reveal that increasing MgO deposition temperature enhances the crystallinity of the MgO films, leading to reduced infrared emission with the highest emissivity of 94% recorded at 200°C MgO deposition temperatures. Spectral analysis demonstrates unexpected selective behavior in the atmospheric window with infrared modulation more pronounced at shorter wavelengths for all films. Transition properties were evaluated using transmittance hysteresis curves. The films showed reduced τ c and narrower hysteresis widths at all MgO deposition temperatures compared to single-layer VO₂ films, indicating improved switching responsiveness. However, an increase in τ c at higher MgO deposition temperatures was observed and attributed to higher vanadium oxide phases due to exposure of VO 2 films to oxygen at high temperature. This study contributes to the development of multifunctional coatings for adaptive radiative cooling systems for sustainable water harvesting technologies.
Mmary et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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