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This paper presents settlement mechanisms and the methods for estimating settlements of municipal solid waste landfills, including bioreactor landfills. Based on results of field monitoring and data in published literature, coefficients of secondary compression for solid waste due to self-weight and external load are estimated. Special considerations are given to bioreactor landfills. Uses of these coefficients for long-term settlement estimation and their application to postclosure maintenance and development plans are discussed. Four case histories illustrating the use of these coefficients are presented. Methods of landfill treatment to reduce settlements are also presented.
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Sharma et al. (2007) studied this question.
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