A literature review of the state of the art of sustainable waste collection and vehicle routing problem

: The discussion of WCVRP is an urgent global concern in waste management that requires immediate attention. Through a multi-dimensional evaluation of the research papers, this review paper provides recommendations for future research and practice in WCVRP. Initially, while urban solid waste has received significant attention, other categories remain insufficiently examined. Future research should focus on efficient collection and transportation strategies for these types. Then, although common characteristics are well-explored, this review emphasizes the need for further investigation into lesser-studied characteristics and vehicle types in WCVRP models. Next, current models predominantly prioritize cost and public health exposure risk minimization. There is a necessity for more holistic approaches that incorporate multiple objectives, particularly those crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. Moreover, hybrid algorithms have emerged as efficient solutions, yet advanced technologies coupled with uncertainty management strategies remain underutilized, presenting significant potential to address the evolving complexities of WCVRP. Finally, the study highlights the importance of datasets and case studies in validating WCVRP models. Hybrid tests enable researchers to comprehensively evaluate WCVRP solutions, providing insight into their performance under various conditions. In conclusion, these implications offer a roadmap for advancing WCVRP research and guiding practical strategies to contribute to the development of more efficient, adaptable, and sustainable waste collection and transportation systems.