“Liquid-Gas” Transition in the Supercritical Region: Fundamental Changes in the Particle Dynamics

Recently, we have proposed a new dynamic line on the phase diagram in the supercritical region, the Frenkel line. Crossing the line corresponds to the radical changes of system properties. Here, we focus on the dynamics of model Lennard-Jones and soft-sphere fluids. We show that the location of the line can be rigorously and quantitatively established on the basis of the velocity autocorrelation function (VAF) and mean-square displacements. VAF is oscillatory below the line at low temperature, and is monotonically decreasing above the line at high temperature. Using this criterion, we show that the crossover of particle dynamics and key liquid properties occur on the same line. We also show that positive sound dispersion disappears in the vicinity of the line in both systems. We further demonstrate that the dynamic line bears no relationship to the existence of the critical point. Finally, we find that the region of existence of liquidlike dynamics narrows with the increase of the exponent of the repulsive part of interatomic potential.