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Bangladesh's power sector faces significant challenges in meeting rising demand driven by economic growth. Despite achieving universal electrification, the sector remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, creating energy security risks and environmental concerns. This paper examines the evolution of Bangladesh's power sector, its current energy mix, and the structural impediments to transitioning toward a cleaner energy system. Moreover, the study establishes linkages between the energy trilemma and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with SDG 7 at the core. Through a strategic SWOT/PESTLE analysis, the paper identifies regulatory inefficiencies, financing gaps, and infrastructural limitations as key weaknesses. Subsequently, analysis reveals over-reliance on imported fossil fuels, limited renewable energy adoption, and financial pressures from escalating power subsidies and inefficient grid management. However, the study also identifies opportunities for renewable energy expansion and cross-border energy trade with neighboring countries. Furthermore, grid modernization and smart technologies play a vital role in facilitating renewable energy integration. Ultimately, results demonstrate the urgent need for energy mix diversification and policy reforms to advance clean energy adoption. Therefore, strategic recommendations include strengthening governance frameworks, incentivizing private-sector investment in renewable energy, and promoting regional cooperation. Consequently, these measures are necessary for achieving energy security, equity, and environmental sustainability while simultaneously aligning Bangladesh's objectives with global climate goals, particularly SDG 7. • Overall power and energy sector scenario in Bangladesh is outlined. • Challenges related to efficient renewable energy integration are discussed. • Financial constraints and government subsidies must be acknowledged properly for energy sector efficiency and growth. • Policy reforms and regional cooperation are identified as the crucial factors for sustainable development in Bangladesh.
Chowdhury et al. (Wed,) studied this question.