Thermo‐Electro‐Mechanical Modeling of Failure: Application to Long‐Term Reliability of Aging Transmission Lines

The integrity and reliability of a national power grid system are essential to society's development and security. Among the power grid components, transmission lines are critical due to exposure and vulnerability to severe external conditions, including high winds, ice, and extreme temperatures. The combined effects of external agents with high electrical load and the presence of damage precursors greatly affect the conducting material's properties due to a thermal runaway cycle that accelerates the aging process. In this paper, we develop a thermo‐electro‐mechanical model for long‐term failure analysis of overhead transmission lines. A phase‐field model of damage and fatigue, coupled with electrical and thermal modules, provides a detailed description of the conductor's temperature evolution. We define a limit state function based on maximum operating temperature to avoid excessive overheating and sagging. We study four representative scenarios deterministically and propose the Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) as a tool to understand the stochastic behavior of the system. We use PCM in forward parametric uncertainty quantification, global sensitivity analysis, and computation of failure probability curves in a straightforward and computationally efficient fashion, and we quantify the most influential parameters that affect failure predictability from a physics‐based perspective.