Has Lipoprotein 'Little' (a) Shrunk?

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), refers to lipoprotein particles composed of disulfide-linked apolipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B-100 around a cholesterol-rich lipid core. Since Berg's¹initial discovery in 1963 of Lp(a) as distinct from low-density lipoprotein, many studies (most of them retrospective and cross-sectional in nature) have demonstrated an association of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with high blood Lp(a) levels.²⁻⁴The Lp(a) level, which remains relatively constant throughout life, has been suggested to be a strong, independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in younger individuals⁵or those without other predisposing risk factors. Population studies have revealed a skewed distribution of Lp(a) levels, particularly in white and Asian populations, while black populations tend to have a more normal distribution,⁶with higher mean levels, yet without a substantial increase in cardiovascular risk. Genetic analyses have revealed that Lp(a) levels are primarily controlled by a series of autosomal alleles at a