Assessing the mental health impacts of Israeli occupation infrastructure in the West Bank by combining geospatial data with a representative survey of Palestinian youth

Palestinian youth in the West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) live in proximity to various forms of Israeli occupation infrastructure, such as checkpoints, road obstructions, a separation barrier, and Israeli settlements. We investigated the effect of proximity to such infrastructure on youth mental health and health risk behaviors by linking geospatial data on the locations of occupation infrastructure to geocoded survey data collected from a representative sample of Palestinian youth living in the West Bank. We estimated the relationship of youth mental health and proximity to each type of occupation infrastructure with controls for exposure to conflict-related violence and a range of demographic factors. We found that youth mental health is strongly negatively impacted by proximity to manned checkpoints (for males and females) and proximity to settlements (for females), and these impacts appear to be direct rather than mediated by conflict-related trauma exposure. The results indicate the importance of environmental aspects of the conflict for youth mental health, in addition to conflict-related violence itself. • West Bank Palestinian youth live near Israeli infrastructure and mobility controls. • We combined geo-coded youth health data with data on infrastructure locations. • Living near a checkpoint is linked to poorer mental health in Palestinian youth. • Violence exposure does not explain the link between checkpoints and mental health. • Proximity to Israeli infrastructure is associated with youth health risk behaviors.